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Most phone photos are 3–6 MB, far more than a website, email or job portal needs. Compression removes detail your eye rarely notices, such as tiny colour shifts in flat areas like sky or walls.

A quality setting around 70–80% usually cuts file size by 60–80% with no visible difference on screen. Below 50%, edges start to blur and blocky artefacts appear, so only go that low when an upload limit forces you to.

Many websites serve images as WebP because the files are roughly 25–35% smaller than JPG at the same quality. That is great for page speed, but older photo editors, some government and university upload forms, and many print shops still only accept JPG or PNG.

Converting to JPG makes the image universally compatible. If the WebP has a transparent background (common for logos and stickers), convert to PNG instead so the transparency is preserved.

Large PDFs are almost always large because of embedded images — scanned pages, photos or high-resolution graphics. Text itself takes very little space, so a 20-page text document is usually under 500 KB while a 5-page scan can be 15 MB.

Compression lowers the resolution of those images. For documents that will be read on screen, 150 DPI is plenty; for anything that will be printed, aim to keep around 300 DPI.

An EMI (equated monthly instalment) is calculated as EMI = P × r × (1 + r)^n ÷ ((1 + r)^n − 1), where P is the loan amount, r is the monthly interest rate (annual rate ÷ 12 ÷ 100) and n is the number of months.

The formula hides an important fact: in the early years most of each payment goes to interest, not principal. On a 20-year loan, a longer tenure lowers the monthly EMI but can almost double the total interest you pay compared with a 10-year term.

Typing speed is measured in words per minute (WPM), where one "word" is five characters including spaces. The average adult types around 35–40 WPM. Office and data-entry roles typically expect 40–60 WPM, and professional typists reach 70 WPM or more.

Accuracy matters as much as speed. Most tests subtract errors from your gross speed, so 60 WPM at 90% accuracy can score lower than 50 WPM at 99%. Many job typing tests require at least 95% accuracy.

GPA (grade point average) is the credit-weighted average of your grade points for a single semester or year. A 4-credit course counts twice as much as a 2-credit course, which is why a simple average of your grades gives the wrong answer.

CGPA is the cumulative GPA across all semesters so far. Converting CGPA to a percentage depends on your university — common formulas multiply by 9.5 or 10 on a 10-point scale, or by 25 on a 4-point scale — so always check the rule your institution publishes.